The State of Hyderabad Dakan (now in India) also attempted to develop a Nastaliq Typewriter but this attempt failed miserably and the file was closed with the phrase “Preparation of Nastaliq on commercial basis is impossible”. Fort William College developed a Nastaliq Type, which was not close enough to Nastaliq and hence was never used other than by the college library to publish its own books. Nastaliq Typography first started with attempts to develop a metallic type for the script, but all such efforts failed. Shekasteh Nastaliq - literally: "broken Nastaliq" - style (below) is a development of Nastaliq. Nastaliq is a descendant of Nasḫ and Taʿlīq. Today, only a few people use this form of writing in Bangladesh. The situation of Nastaliq in Bangladesh used to be the same as in Pakistan until 1971, when Urdu ceased to remain an official language. In India and Pakistan, almost everything in Urdu is written in the script, constituting the greatest part of Nastaliq usage in the world. During this time, Nastaliq came into widespread use in South Asia. The Mughal Empire used Persian as the court language during their rule over South Asia. He also devised methods for teaching Nastaliq and specified clear proportional rules for it, which many could follow. Kalhor modified and adapted Nastaliq to be easily used with printing machines, which in turn helped wide dissemination of his transcripts. The current practice of Nastaliq is, however, heavily based on Mirza Reza Kalhor's technique. It is believed that Nastaliq reached its highest elegance in Mir Emad's works. Nastaliq thrived and many prominent calligraphers contributed to its splendor and beauty. Another theory holds that the name Nastaliq means "that which abrogated ( naskh) Taʿlīq". Hence, it was originally called Nasḫ-Taʿlīq. Apparently, Mir Ali Tabrizi (14th century) developed Nastaliq by combining two existing scripts of Nasḫ and Taʿlīq. The dotted form ڛ is used in place of س in the word نڛتعلیق Nastaliq.Īfter the Islamic conquest of Persia, the Iranian Persian people adopted the Perso-Arabic script and the art of Persian calligraphy flourished in Iran as territories of the former Persian empire. The content is thus of less significance and not clearly accessible. In Siyah Mashq, repeating a few letters or words (sometimes even one) virtually inks the whole panel. Siyah Mashq ("black drill") panels, however, communicate via composition and form, rather than content. A Chalipa ("cross", in Persian) panel usually consists of four diagonal hemistiches (half-lines) of poetry, clearly signifying a moral, ethical or poetic concept. Two important forms of Nastaliq panels are Chalipa and Siyah mashq. The nib of a qalam can be split in the middle to facilitate ink absorption. It is written using a piece of trimmed reed with a tip of 5–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in), called qalam ('pen', Arabic and Persian قلم) and carbon ink, named siyahi. It has short verticals with no serifs, and long horizontal strokes. Nastaliq is amongst the most fluid calligraphy styles for the Arabic script. "suspending script"), it was also beloved by Ottoman calligraphers who developed the Diwani ( divanî) and Ruqah ( rıkʻa) styles from it.
The languages of Iran (Western Persian, Azeri, Balochi, Kurdi, Luri, etc.), Afghanistan (Dari Persian, Pashto, Turkmen, Uzbek, etc.), India (Urdu, Kashmiri, etc.), Pakistan (Urdu, Punjabi, Saraiki, Pashto, Balochi, etc.) and the Turkic Uyghur language of the Chinese province of Xinjiang, rely on Nastaliq. Nastaliq is the core script of the post- Sassanid Persian writing tradition and is equally important in the areas under its cultural influence. Nastaliq was historically used for writing Ottoman Turkish, where it was known as tâlik (not to be confused with a totally different Persian style, also called taʿlīq to distinguish the two, Ottomans referred to the latter as taʿlīq-i qadim, "old taʿlīq"). Ī less elaborate version of Nastaliq serves as the preferred style for writing in Kashmiri and Urdu and it is often used alongside Naskh for Pashto. Nastaliq remains very widely used in Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan and other countries for written poetry and as a form of art. It is sometimes used to write Arabic language text (where it is mainly used for titles and headings), but its use has always been more popular in the Persian, Urdu and Turkic sphere of influence. It was developed in the land of Persia (modern-day Iran) in the 14th and 15th centuries.
Nastaʼlīq ( / ˌ n æ s t ə ˈ l iː k, ˈ n æ s t ə l iː k/ Persian: نستعلیق, IPA: ) is one of the main calligraphic hands used to write the Perso-Arabic script in the Persian and Urdu languages, and traditionally the predominant style in Persian calligraphy.
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